Email this article Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection among HIV-1 infected patients using Stool Antigen Tests in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
Abstract
Background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common among humans and plays a major role in the etiology of peptic ulcer disease with significant morbidity in patients with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy. There are conflicting prevalence patterns of H. pylori in HIV-1 infected patients using various methods of detection. The noninvasive technique used for detection of H. pylori infection is inexpensive and convenient with no complications.
Materials and Methods
We aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among patients infected with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy using H. pylori stool antigen. 139 patients infected with HIV-1 were recruited, stool samples were collected and the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test was used to detect H. pylori antigen.
Results
46.8% of the respondents were positive for H. pylori and 53.2% were negative, 18 (13%) were men and 47 (33.8%) were women. HpSA is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and time-saving non-invasive test for the detection of H. pylori infections in patients infected with HIV-1.
Conclusion
We also observed that the prevalence of H. pylori was low in these patients compared with the general population. However, more studies using H. pylori stool antigen test are needed in these patients in the North-Central, Nigeria to further evaluate the infection rate.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
References
Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori: its role in disease. Clin Infect. Dis. 1992; 386-91.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Helicobacter pylori Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers Updated: July 1998 (Accessed at WWw.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/hpylori.htm on 4th July, 2014)
Huang JQ, Zheng GF, Sumanac K, Irvine EJ, Hunt RH. Meta-analysis of the relationship between cagA seropositivity and gastric cancer. Gastroenterology.2003; 125:1636-1644.
Dore PM, Malaty MH, Graham YD, Fanciulli G, Delitala G, Realdi G. Risk Factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection among children in a defined geographic area. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2002; 35: 240-245.
Warren JR, Marshall BJ. Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet 1983; 1(8336): 1273-1275.
Marshall BJ. History of the discovery of C. pylori. In: MJ. Blaser (ed.), Campylobacter pylori in Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease. New York: Igaku-Shoin.1989; pp. 7-21
Chehter ZE, Catapani RW, Margeotto BF, Germini D, Henriques CA, Waisberg J. Helicobacter pylori in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): A Review, JSM Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2014; 2(3): 1026-1030.
Sharpstone D, Gazzard B. Gastrointestinal Manifestations of HIV infection. Lancet.1996; 48:379-383.
Bashinskaya B, Nahed BV, Redjal N, Kahle KT, Walcott BP. Trends in peptic ulcer disease and identification of Helicobacter pylorias a causative organism: population-based estimates from the US nationwide inpatient sample. J Glob Infect Dis. 2011; 3: 366-370.
Smith IS, Kirsch C, Oyedeji SK, Arigbabu OA, Cokerk OA, Bayerdoffer E, et.al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA and iceA genotypes in Nigerian patients with duodenal ulcer disease, J. Med. Microbiol.2002; 51: 851-854.
Holcombe C, Tsimiri S, Eldridge J, Jones MD. Prevalence of antibody to Helicobacter pylori in children in northern Nigeria, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1993; 87: 19-21.
Eyitayo AC, Coker OA, Adegbola R, Johnson T, Olukoya KD, Odugbemi T. Antibiotic Susceptibility patterns and plasmid profile of Helicobacter isolates from Nigeria, West Afr. J. Med. 1992;11: 190-194.
Ani AE, Malu OA, Onah AJ, Queiroz MD, Kirschner G, Rocha AG. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Jos, Nigeria, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. 1999; Hyg. 93 : 659-661.
Osato SM, Reddy R, Graham YD. Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance amongst Helicobacter pylori isolates from a large metropolitan hospital in the United States, Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 1999; 12: 341-347.
Mendonca S, Ecclissato C, Sartori MS, Godoy AP, Guerzoni AR, Degger MJ, et.al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and furazolidone in Brazil, Helicobacter, 2000; 5: 79-83.
Torres J, Pérez-Pérez G, Goodman KJ, Atherton JC, Gold BD, Harris PR et.al A comprehensive review of the natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Arch Med Res. 2000; 31(5):431-69.
Perry S, Sanchez ML, Yang S, Haggerty DT, Hurst P, Perez-Perez G, et. al. Gastroenteritis and Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Households, Emerging Infectious Diseases CDC, 2006; 12(11): 1701–1708.
Volk J, Parsonnet J. Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori, The Biology of Gastric Cancers Springer Science New York, 2009; pp25-57.
Cutler AF, Prasad VM. Long-term follow-up Helicobacter pylori serology after successful eradication. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91 : 85-88.
Makristathis A, Pasching E, Schtze K, Wimmer M, Rotter ML, Hirschl AM. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool specimens by PCR and antigen enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol.1998; 36 : 2772-2774.
Lepper PM, Moricke A, Vogt K, Bode G, Trautmann M . Comparison of different criteria for interpretation of immunoglobulin G immunoblotting results for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol.2004; 11:569-576
KIM P, Lee J, Pai HS, Kim Y, Cho KJ, Lee WJ et.al. Detection Of Helicobacter Pylori Antigen in Stool by Enzyme Immunoassay. Yonsei Med. J. 2002; 43(1)7-13.
Smith SI, Oyedeji KS, Goodluck HA, Fowora MA, Anomneze E, Lesi OA. The Use of Helicobacter Pylori Stool Antigen test for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori in Lagos, Nigeria. West Indian Medical Journal, 2011; 60(1): 33-6
Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mashhour MY, Joukar F, Sedigh M, Bagher-Zadeh AH, Jafarshad R. Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Children in Rasht, Northern Iran Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases.2009; 1(2): 84-88.
Parente F, Maconi G, Porro GB, Caselli M. Stool test with polyclonal antibodies for monitoring Helicobacter pylori eradication in adults: a critical reappraisal. Sc and J Gastroenterol.2002; 37: 747-749.
Gisbert JP, Pajares JM. Stool antigen test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Helicobacter. 2004; 9: 347-368.
Kato S, Ozawa K, Okuda M, Nakayama Y, Yoshimura N, Konno M. et. Al. Multicenter comparison of rapid lateral flow stool antigen immunoassay and stool antigen enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Helicobacter, 2004; 9:669-673.
Skwara P, Mach T, Tomaszewska R. Morphological changes of gastric mucosa in HIV-infected patients. HIV and AIDS Review, 2002; 2:47-51.
Werneck-Silva AL, Prado IB. Dyspepsia in HIV-infected patients’ under highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 22:1712-1716.
Fialho BCA, Braga-Neto BM, Guerra JCE, Fialho MNA, Fernandes CK, Sun LMJ, et al. Low prevalence of H. pylori Infection in HIV Positive Patients in the Northeast of Brazil. BMC Gastroenterology. 2011; 11(13): 1-5.
Panos GZ, Xirouchakis E, Tzias V, Charatsis G, Bliziotis IA, Doulgeroglou V, et.al. Helicobacter pylori infection in symptomatic HIVseropositive and seronegative patients: a case-control study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007; 23:709-712.
Suerbaum S, Michetti P. Helicobacter pylori infection. N. Engl. J Med. 2002; 347: 1175 -1186.
Coleman MP, Esteve J, Damiecki P, Arslan A, Renard H. Trends in Cancer incidence and mortality. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer.1993; (121):1-806.
Frenck WR, Clemens J. Helicobacter in the developing world Microbes and Infection, 2003;5: 705-713.
Smith IS, Omonigbehin AE, Goodluck AH, Abdulkareem BF, Onyekwere AC, Rieder G, et al. Diagnostic methods for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in Nigeria. Tropical Gastroenterology, 2010; 31(2):113-115.
Adeniyi BA, Otegbayo JA, Lawal TO, Oluwasola AO, Odaibo GN, Okolo C, et. al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspepsia patients in Ibadan, South West Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2012; 6(14): 3399-3402.
Oluwasola AO, Ola SO, Saliu L, Solanke TF. Helicobacter pylori infection in South Nigerians: a serological study of dyspeptic patients and healthy individuals. West Afr J Med.2002; 21:138-141.
Abdollahi A, Shoar S, Jafari S, Emadi-Kochak H.). Seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori in human immunodeficiency virus-positive Patients and it's correlation with CD4+ Lymphocyte Count. Niger Med J. 2014; 55(1): 67-72.
Holcombe M, Umar H, Lucas SB, Kaluba J. Low incidence of clinically significant gastroduodenal pathology despite a high incidence of H. pylori infection. Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1994; 88(5): 569-571.
Özden A, Bozday? G, Özkan M. Changes in the sero-epidemiological pattern of Helicobacter pylori infection over the last 10 years in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 2001;15, 156-158.
Shmuely H, Obure S, Passaro JD, Abuksis G, Yahav J, Fraser G, et.al. Dyspepsia Symptoms and Helicobacter pylori Infection, Nakuru, Kenya. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2003; 9(9): 103-107.
Otegbay A, Oluwasola OA, Yakubu A, Odiabo GN, Olaleye OD. Helicobacter pylori serology and evaluation of gastroduodenal disease in Nigerians with dyspepsia. African Journal of Clinical Experiment in Microbiology, 2001; 5(1):131-138.
Mynepalli CKS, Maureen O, Mumuni A. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and hygiene practices among public secondary school students in Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria, Journal of Health, 2014; 6(4) 250-258.
Smith SI, Oyedeji KS, Arigbabu A, Anomneze EE, Chibututu CC, Atimomo CA. Prevalence of H. pylori in patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer in Western, Nigerian. Biomedical Engineering Letters, 2009; 60:115-120.
Ejilude O, Akinduti PA, Idowu M, Ogunbileje JO, Akinbo JA. HIV and Helicobacter Pylori Co-Infection In Dyspeptic Patients In Abeokuta, Nigeria. New York Science Journal, 2011; 4(9): 1-5.
?incu NI, Chiriac CL, Fodor AM. Helicobacter pylori infection in HIV-positive patients with digestive complaints Revista Român? de Medicin? de Laborator . 2014; 22(2); 1-11.
Sud A, Ray P, Bhasin D, Wanchu A, Bambery P, Singh S. Helicobacter pylori in Indian HIV infected patients. Trop Gastroenterol.2002; 23(2):79-81.
Pounder RE, Ng D. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in different countries. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1995; 9(2): 33-9.
Vaira D, D’Anastasio C, Holton J, Dowsett JF, Londei M, Bertoni F. et. al. Campylobacter pylori in abattoir workers. Lancet, 1998; 725:726.
Dore MP, Sepulveda AR, Osato MS, Realdi G, Graham, D.Y. Helicobacter pylori in sheep. Lancet, 1999; 354:132.
Handt LK, Fox JG, Yan LL, Shen Z, Pouch WJ, Ngai D, et.al. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in a colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1997;165:168.
Klein PD, Graham DY, Gailour A, Opekun AR ,Smith EO. Water source as risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection in pervian children. Gastrophysiology Working Group. Lancet, 1991; 337(8756):1503-1506.
Senbanjo OI, Oshikoya AK, Njokanma FO. Helicobacter pylori associated with breastfeeding, nutritional status and recurrent abdominal pain in healthy Nigerian children, J Infect Dev Ctries; 2014; 8(4):448-453.
Lu CY, Kuo FC, Wang SW. The clinical applications and accuracy of two rapid near-patient tests in detecting Helicobacter pylori infection. Diagnosis Microbiology Infection and Disease, 2006; 56:241-246.
Skwara P, Mach T, Tomaszewska R. Morphological changes of gastric mucosa in HIV-infected patients. HIV and AIDS Review.2002; 2: 47-51.
Lichterfeld M, Lorenz C, Nischalke HD, Scheurlen C, Sauerbruch T, Rockstroh JK. Decreased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in HIV patients with AIDS defining diseases. Z Gastroenterol. 2002; 40:11-14.
Copyright (c)